The horoscopes took into account the idea of twelve astrological houses. These horoscopes predicted a child's future, personality, and the length of their life from planetary positions at the moment of birth. The first known cuneiform horoscope was cast in 410 BC. So to survive, Babylonian astrologers cast personal horoscopes. Babylonian astrologers had primarily made predictions for the royal household, which was irrelevant to the Persians. The casting of horoscopes first occurred in Mesopotamia during the Persian occupation in 450 BC.
For the Babylonians, the zodiac was not only a reference marker for charting the motions of the sun and the moon and planets, but the positions of the planet-gods in the zodiac's constellations were used for astrological predictions. In approximately 500 BC, Babylonian priests identified the constellations that mark the zodiacal band into twelve segments of thirty degrees each, giving us the astrological signs. This erratic behavior of the wandering planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) through the narrow band of the zodiac led the Babylonians to believe that the planets were Gods possessed of their own animate forces. Although the stars follow a regular course from east to west as the night progresses, the planets do not, but appear to move backwards and then forwards when their positions are traced. Their pursuit of astrology was due to religion. As the Babylonians needed a detailed lunar calendar to track the rising waters of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (in present-day Iraq) for their flood plain agriculture, they were masters at astronomical observation. The twin disciplines of astronomy and astrology had a common origin in ancient Babylonia between 30 BC. Historical Background and Scientific FoundationsĪncient Babylonia: The Origins of Astrology Subsequent scientific discoveries as well as socio-cultural factors led to the emergence of astronomy as an independent scientific discipline by 1700. Occurring over centuries, a gradual separation of astrological and astronomical beliefs culminated in the sixteenth century in the work of German astronomer and astrologer Johannes Kepler (1571–1630). This article will briefly trace the general history of astrology within its astronomical context from the ancient Babylonians to the Western European Renaissance. Astrology was classified as a form of applied astronomy, and its predictions were thought to be important in medicine and meteorology. Before the seventeenth century, astrology and astronomy were most often considered a single pursuit. Astronomy, on the other hand, is the study of phenomena and objects beyond Earth's atmosphere, and it is an accepted scientific discipline. Today astrology is considered a pseudoscience (false science).
Astronomy and Space Science: Astronomy Emerges from Astrology IntroductionĪstrology is the study of planetary positions to predict the future and provide an explanation for personality traits.
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